Sarnath, located near the ancient city of Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India, holds a special place in the hearts of Buddhists and history enthusiasts. This sacred destination is where Gautama Budha delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment, marking the birth of Buddhism. At the heart of this site stands the Sarnath Stupa, also known as the Dhamek Stupa. It is a monumental structure symbolising peace, spirituality, and ancient history. This blog will take you through the significance, history, and serene beauty of the Sarnath Stupa. So, what are you waiting for? Read on to know why it attracts pilgrims, tourists, and history buffs from worldwide.
The Importance of Sarnath In Buddhism
Sarnath is one of the four most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites. Buddha set the “Wheel of Dharma” in motion here by delivering his first sermon to five disciples after his enlightenment at Bodh Gaya. This moment is referred to as the “Turning of the Wheel of Law,” a significant event that laid the foundation of the Buddhist religion. Among the many monuments and relics that adorn Sarnath, the Dhamek Stupa is the most prominent one. It is believe to be the exact spot where Buddha gave his first sermon, making it a central piece of the Buddhist pilgrimage circuit.
The Majestic Dhamek Stupa
The Dhamek Stupa stands tall at 43.6 meters (around 144 feet) with a diameter of 28 meters ( around 92 feet). Built around 500 CE, it replaced an earlier structure commissioned by the great Indian Emperor Ashoka, who played a vital role in the spread of Buddhism. Ashoka is said to have built many stupas across the Indian subcontinent, and Sarnath is no exception. The stupa’s cylindrical shape is made of bricks and stone with intricate carvings on its lower self. These carvings depict floral designs, lotus flowers, and geometric patterns typical of Gupta-era art. The stupas display an aura of calm and simplicity despite their grandeur, complementing the peaceful atmosphere of Sarnath.
Symbolism and Purpose of the Stupa
A stupa is more than an architectural marvel. It holds a deep symbolic meaning in Buddhism. Its mount-like structure houses relics, sacred texts, and the remains of revered Buddhist monks. The dome-shaped structure represents the Buddha’s teachings and symbolises enlightenment, peace, and mindfulness. You can come here to admire the architecture, meditate and reflect on the principles of Buddhism. The Dhamek Stupa, in particular, is said to enshrine relics related to Buddha and serves as a reminder of where he shared the core teachings of the Buddhist faith.
Other Attractions To Explore in Sarnath
Sarnath is not just about the stupa; the destination is a treasure trove of ancient history, culture and art. Here are a few other attractions that you can explore in Sarnath to make the most of your trip:
- Ashoka Pillar – Erected by Emperor Ashoka, this pillar once stood tall in Sarnath. Although only the pillar’s base remains at the site, the famous Lion Capital that adorned the top of the pillar is now housed in the Sarnath Museum. This capital featuring four lions is the national emblem of India.
- Sarnath Museum – A visit to Sarnath would be incomplete without exploring the Sarnath Archeological Museum. It showcases a vast collection of sculptures, inscriptions and artefacts unearthed during excavations at the site. The museum’s highlight is the lion capital of Ashoka and numerous statues of Buddha.
- Chaukandi Stupa – Another attraction you can explore in Sarnath is the Chaukandi Stupa, another stupa at this destination. It is the spot where Buddha met his first five disciples. This stupa has a fascinating history and architecture, with a Mughal-style octagonal tower added later.
- Mulagandha Kuti Vihar – This modern temple built by the Mahabodhi Society features beautiful frescoes depicting scenes from Buddha’s life. It offers a peaceful atmosphere for meditation and prayer.
How to Reach Sarnath
Sarnath is conveniently located just 10 kilometres from Varanasi, India’s major cultural and religious city. You can easily reach Sarnath by road, hiring a taxi or taking local transport from Varanasi. The nearest railway station is Varanasi Junction, while Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport is the closest airport.
Best Time To Visit Sarnath
The ideal time to visit Sarnath is between October and March when the weather is cool and pleasant. During this time, pilgrims worldwide visit the site, creating a vibrant yet serene atmosphere. Festivals like Buddha Purnima, which celebrates Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and death, are particularly special in Sarnath and attract large crowds.
Conclusion
The Sarnath Stupa is an architectural marvel and a spiritual counter that radiates peace and calmness. Its historical and religious significance draws visitors from around the world. As you walk around this sacred site, you will feel the sense of peace that has resonated for centuries, reminding you of the timeless wisdom of the Buddha. A visit to the Sarnath Stupa is like stepping into a chapter of ancient history while embracing the universal message of peace and mindfulness that continues to inspire generations.
